Vitamin D3 Deficiency and Its Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study (Iraq-Baghdad)

Nesreen Ahmed Nasser, Raghad Ahmed Mohammed, Saddam Jaber Khudiar and Diyar Adel Lateef

Abstract

The pathophysiology of diabetes involves oxidative stress. Damage from severe oxidative stress can reduce pancreatic beta-cell activity. In type 2 diabetes, antioxidant status imbalance and inflammation work together. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme contained in most foods, may minimize intestinal barrier oxidative damage, breaking the hyperglycemia-oxidative damage cycle. This study examined Vitamin D Deficiency and Oxidative Stress Marker (SOD) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. This case-control study examined the associations between selected parameters and T2DM in fifty case and fifty control of either sex patients newly evaluated by an expert using medical evaluation and validated through laboratory analyses at a private lab (Huda Al-Rahman) analysis following the removal of alternative disorders through clinical history, analytical testing, and physical examination. This investigation was place from October 2024 to February 2025. Clinical, biochemical, and hematological tests showed the control group was healthy. Patients with type 2 diabetes' mean ± SD SOD levels (302.02 ± 9.05 U/Ml) were discovered to be substantially greater (P˂0.000) than Controls    (100.1+4.41 U/Ml) The mean ± SD D3 Levels of type 2 diabetes patients (13.7 ± 4.07 ng/ml) were found to be significantly lower (P˂0.000) than Controls    (35.6+14.7 ng/ml). This study found that type 2 diabetes individuals with higher SOD levels may have hemostatic indicators.