Preparation Strategies of Cesium-Promoted Nanostructured Catalysts for Syngas Production via Dry Reforming of Methane: A Review

Abstract

Cesium-promoted nanostructured catalysts are being developed as a pathway towards enabling a sustainable dry reformation of methane (DRM) syngas process. It was reported that cesium can increase the activation of CO₂, change the electrical properties of active metals, and suppress the formation of coke, thus improving the stability and lifetime of catalysts. In this paper, the preparation techniques and strategies that affect surface contact, catalytic efficiency and cesium dispersion were reviewed. It compared advanced methods such as chemical and atomic layer deposition (CVD/ALD), hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, and novel green synthesis approaches to conventional methods such as impregnation, co-precipitation, and sol-gel. Each method comes with its own advantages in terms of crystallinity, scalability, environmental concern and distribution of cesium. As a comparison, impregnation is simple and offers scalability to large quantities, co-precipitation and sol-gel ensure excellent dispersion. Hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques allow for morphological control, and CVD/ALD provides precision at a high cost. Green synthesis is a viable industrial option that is environmentally benign. The analysis emphasized that to maximize cesium-promoted nanostructured catalysts and ensure improved DRM activity, stability, and suitability for industrial syngas generation, preparation procedures must be tailored.