Metal chelators, metal chelating, and metal ions assessments serve as methods for assessing antioxidant activity

Abstract

The creation of biomolecules, immunological function, cell development and reproduction, and other biological activities all depend on heavy metals, yet excessive ingestion of these elements can be harmful. In particular, they produce oxidative stress (OS). The metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The respiratory, neurological, reproductive, and digestive systems are among the organs that might be harmed by an accumulation of heavy metals. One popular treatment for metal poisoning is metal chelation therapy. Through interactions with a core metal atom, the ligand creates a complex ring structure. By using the right chemicals to chelate metals, the body can effectively remove them and avoid damage during metabolism. The correct operation of proteins and enzymes during metabolism depends on heavy metals like zinc, iron, and copper. The buildup of metals in excess can have detrimental effects on biomolecules. Peroxidation of biological components, including lipids in the plasma membrane, is brought on by the production of ROS and nitrogen species (RNS). The preventive benefits of antioxidants are making them more and more popular, especially in food and pharmaceutical items. Metal chelating assays and other suitable techniques are needed to screen compounds for antioxidant properties. The properties of metal bonding and chelation are thoroughly reviewed in this study. This article describes the fundamental chemistry ideas of both in vitro and in vivo metal chelation processes. This article discusses metal ions, metal chelating, antioxidants, the biological function of metal chelation, and metal chelating tests, which are frequently employed to evaluate a substance's antioxidant qualities. Additionally, the page offers scientific information, chemical characteristics, and important details regarding the chelation techniques used.